Sources, licences and data
Which way and in which month to ride Europe's long-distance cycle routes: tailwind or headwind in both directions, rain days, heat and cool days by month, along the route and by stage, from ERA5 climate data 2006–2025.
Sources and licences
| Source | Publisher | Data date | Licence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERA5 hourly data on single levels (10 m wind, precipitation, 2 m temperature) 0.25° grid (≈ 25 km), 2006–2025. Daytime wind and riding-hours rain 9:00–18:00 local solar time; daily maximum temperature per local solar day. | Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) / ECMWF | 31 December 2025 | CC BY 4.0 Climate: Hersbach et al. (2023), ERA5 hourly data on single levels, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store; contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use of this information. (CC BY 4.0) |
| Open-Meteo open-data mirror of ERA5 on AWS (s3://openmeteo) Hourly ERA5 series read from the Open-Meteo open-data bucket on the AWS Registry of Open Data; spot checks against the Open-Meteo archive API. | Open-Meteo | — | CC BY 4.0 ERA5 data accessed via Open-Meteo (open-meteo.com), CC BY 4.0. |
| OpenStreetMap cycle route relations (network icn/ncn), via Waymarked Trails and Overpass API Main branch of each route relation; for well-known routes with gaps the start and end come from the official route website or EuroVelo. Alternatives and branches are left out. The derived route and climate table in /data/ is shared under the ODbL. | OpenStreetMap contributors; Waymarked Trails (Sarah Hoffmann) | 2 November 2026 | ODbL 1.0 Route geometry and names: © OpenStreetMap contributors, Open Database License (ODbL); route assembly via Waymarked Trails. |
| GeoNames gazetteer (cities500) Places with 500 or more inhabitants; stage ends are towns of 2,000+ within 3 km of the route. | GeoNames | 2 November 2026 | CC BY 4.0 Town names for route ends and stage ends: GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0. |
| Wikidata (start and end points of routes, P1427 / P1444) Used only to set the start and end of routes with gaps or branches. | Wikimedia Foundation | — | CC0 1.0 Some route start and end points: Wikidata (CC0). |